Detailed explanation of the most popular power ste

The development of science and technology has made our life more and more colorful, and the innovation of automotive technology has really improved the driving performance of cars. Because there was no power steering in previous cars, people usually laughed at driving as arm training; Now, the steering wheel is so light that it can be turned with only one finger

when driving on the road, the steering wheel in your hand is like a controller, directing the road route of the car, either left or right, or straight. The weight of the steering wheel directly affects our mood and physical exertion when driving. Looking back on decades ago, almost all of the drivers of the simple liberation truck were strong. If you look carefully, you will find that most of their arms were muscular. I think maybe it was the heavy steering wheel that trained them. Over the past few decades, Jiefang trucks have been replaced by modern commercial vehicles, and the structure and technology of vehicles have also undergone earth shaking changes. Most of the passenger car bodies have evolved from non load-bearing to load-bearing, the carburetor engine has developed into EFI, the safety gas has been equipped, and the after-sales service and market quality information feedback mechanism, ABS, ESP and other active and passive protection measures have been established, The steering system has also developed from mechanical to power assisted power steering system

how much do car owners who need to drive on the road every day know about the types and characteristics of the power steering system behind the steering wheel? For prospective car owners or fans who are about to buy a new car, understanding the power steering system may not help you a lot, but a deeper understanding and understanding of this steering system can clarify their needs when buying a car. Next, we will simplify the steering mechanism and introduce the mechanical steering system and power steering system respectively, but the focus is on the latter

the mechanical steering system has no auxiliary power system, and the driver's physical strength is the power of steering

the mechanical steering system takes the driver's physical strength as the steering power, in which all force transmission components are mechanical, and there is no auxiliary power source. The mechanical steering system is mainly composed of steering control mechanism, steering gear and steering transmission mechanism. Steering control mechanism is the mechanism that the driver operates the steering gear, including parts from the steering wheel to the input end of the steering gear. When steering the car, the driver's control force on the steering wheel is very limited, so it is necessary to use the force increasing device to deflect the steering wheel. The steering gear is to release the torque transmitted by the steering wheel according to a certain transmission ratio. Pay attention to turn off the main motor source and output it to the force increasing device

the steering transmission mechanism is a mechanism that transmits the movement of the steering gear to the steering wheel, including parts from the rocker arm to the steering wheel. The working mode of the whole mechanical steering system is: when the driver needs to steer, he applies steering torque to the steering wheel, which is input to the mechanical steering gear through the steering shaft, and then the torque is amplified by the deceleration transmission pair in the steering gear, and the rotation is decelerated, and then transmitted from the steering rocker arm to the steering straight rod, and finally this torque is transmitted to the steering knuckle arm fixed on the steering knuckle, Deflect the steering knuckle and the steering wheel it supports. At the same time, the steering wheel on the other side is driven by the trapezoidal steering mechanism to deflect at the same time, thereby changing the driving direction of the car

because the mechanical steering system is completely driven by human power, it is also difficult to meet the needs of labor saving and sensitivity at the same time. Therefore, at present, many models have gradually begun to adopt the power steering system, including most commercial vehicles and engineering machinery in addition to passenger cars

the power steering system is a set of steering force adding device based on the mechanical steering system

vehicles using the mechanical steering system rely on the physical strength of the driver as the steering power when turning. Does the power steering system not need the physical strength of the driver? Of course, this can be our bright future, but at present, no matter what kind of mass production steering system, the driver needs to operate it himself

the power steering system is composed of a set of steering afterburner on the basis of the mechanical steering system

the steering afterburner reduces the driver's physical strength to operate the steering wheel. The steering intention still comes from the driver, but the engine (or motor) as an auxiliary power source helps reduce the driver's operation intensity. Among them, the engine (or motor) accounts for the main part, which is provided by the steering afterburner. Under normal circumstances, only part of the energy required for vehicle steering is provided by the driver, while the other part is provided by the power steering device. However, when the steering power fails, the driver still (3) Jinan Shijin adopts the exchange hydraulic technology, which requires considerable physical strength to undertake the task of vehicle steering. Therefore, the power steering system is actually an additional set of power steering device based on the mechanical steering system

the working principle of the power steering system is roughly as follows: when the driver turns the steering wheel, the torque makes the steering tie rod move through the mechanical steering gear, and drives the steering knuckle arm to deflect the steering wheel, thereby changing the driving direction of the car. At the same time, the steering gear input shaft also drives the steering control valve inside the steering gear to rotate, so that the steering power cylinder generates hydraulic force to help the driver steer. Due to the function of the steering afterburner, the driver can deflect the front wheels with only more than half the steering torque smaller than that of the mechanical steering system

power steering system has been popularized, and now it has developed into three major categories

at present, hydraulic power steering (HPS), electronic hydraulic power steering (EHPS) and electric power steering (EPS) have high popularity in the steering system. Among them, HPS has developed for nearly a century, with mature technology, low cost and the highest penetration rate. However, the disadvantages of this power steering are also obvious. It consumes engine power and has complex structure. The pumps, pipelines and hydraulic cylinders need regular maintenance. The loss between the hydraulic pump rotor and the hydraulic oil will cause great energy loss, and the hydraulic pump will also consume energy when it is not steering. Therefore, it has been gradually eliminated in small cars at present. Although electronic hydraulic power steering (EHPS) is more advanced than the traditional hydraulic power steering. It introduces an electronic control device, which can adjust the power with speed, but its development cost is high, and it is still driven by the engine, which means that its energy consumption has not been reduced

electric power steering (EPS) is developed on the basis of the above two power assisted mechanisms. It uses an independent motor to directly provide power, and the size of power assisted is controlled by the electronic control unit according to the speed of the vehicle. Click "query record" directly. It has the characteristics of energy saving, environmental protection (which can reduce emissions correspondingly), high safety and so on. At present, it is gradually replacing hydraulic power steering. Models such as the popular swift, fit, SX4, Sagitar and so on all use this kind of power steering mechanism, and it is also one of the development directions of power steering technology in the future

the comparison between vehicles equipped with EPS and vehicles equipped with HPS shows that EPS can reduce fuel consumption by 2.5% without steering; When steering is used, the fuel consumption is reduced by 5.5%. In addition, EPS can automatically control the power steering force according to the vehicle speed, effectively solving the problem of "light" and "smart" steering wheel that has been plagued by the traditional steering system, and improving driving safety

electric power steering effectively solves the problems of vehicle handling stability and steering wheel steering feel, and has the advantages of taking into account the portability of low-speed steering and high-speed enhanced road feel. (end)